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    Friday, March 29, 2019

    Linux Learning about ssh keys

    Linux Learning about ssh keys


    Learning about ssh keys

    Posted: 29 Mar 2019 11:07 AM PDT

    I ssh between my Linux Mint PCs, Rasperry Pi, and into FreeNAS fairly often. I'm looking into setting up a VPN server on my network, but before I do I want tighten up security a little bit. I've only been on Linux a few months, and ssh is pretty new to me.

    I created three Linux VMs in virtualbox with internal network adapters and gave them IPs 10.0.0.1 ,10.0.0.2, 10.0.0.3. I just call them 1, 2, and 3. 1 is Ubuntu, 2/3 are Mint.

    They are brand new machines, so there is nothing in ~/.ssh/

    The first thing I did was ssh 10.0.0.2 from 1. There was a warning about the authenticity of the host. I continued, then 10.0.0.2 was added the the list of known hosts. I entered the password I created for 2, and then was logged in. Then I closed the ssh session.

    Back on 1, I did ssh-keygen -t ecdsa -b 521. I left the file default and gave a passphrase.

    I then did ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa.pub jason@10.0.0.2. When it asked me for a password, I was expecting to have to enter the passphrase I gave in the previous step, but instead it was the password for the user.

    Then, I did ssh jason@10.0.0.2, and then used the password created in the ssh-keygen step.

    Over on 2, the VM with 10.0.0.2, I did an ls on ~/.ssh/and see a authorized_keys file with a bunchOfGibberish== jason@ubuntuVM (1st vm)

    I then tried to ssh into 2 from 3, expecting to be denied because only 1 had an entry in authorized_keys. But, i was able to ssh -l jason 10.0.0.2 from 3 successfully.

    I found out I needed to diable password based login. On 2 I sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config and set ChallengeResponseAuthentication, PasswordAuthentication, UsePAM, and PermitRootLogin all to no.

    Now if I try to ssh from 3 into 2, I get Permission denied (publickey)!

    So now I think I feel comfortable enough to do this outside of my VMs.

    I have my main desktop, HTPC, laptop, All-in One, a couple Rasperry Pis, and FreeNAS that I ssh between. I'll have to figure out FreeNAS specifics, but if I generate pairs of keys for each of these, then only those devices will be able to ssh into each other.

    Now that I have all this typed out it's not so confusing, but when I was first looking into this it looked more complicated.

    submitted by /u/slippery_salmons
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    "sudo rm -rf" was not enough

    Posted: 29 Mar 2019 01:21 AM PDT

    netdata, the open-source real-time performance and health monitoring, released v1.13 !

    Posted: 29 Mar 2019 12:34 PM PDT

    Hi all,

    We just released netdata v1.13 !

    This release contains 14 bug fixes and 8 improvements

    Netdata has taken the first step into the world of Kubernetes, with a beta version of a Helm chart for deployment to a k8s cluster and proper naming of the cgroup containers. We have big plans for Kubernetes, so stay tuned!

    A major refactoring of the python.d plugin has resulted in a dramatic decrease of the required memory, making netdata even more resource efficient. We also added charts for IPC shared memory segments and total memory used.

    Improvements:

    • Kubernetes: Helm chart (https://github.com/netdata/helmchart) and proper cgroup naming
    • python.d.plugin: Reduce memory usage with separate process for initial module checking and loaders cleanup
    • IPC shared memory charts
    • mysql module add ssl connection support
    • FreeIPMI: Have the debug option apply the internal freeipmi debug flags
    • Prometheus backend: Support legacy metric names for source=avg
    • Registry: Allow deleting the host we are looking at
    • SpigotMC: Use regexes for parsing.

    Bug Fixes:

    • Postgres: fix connection issues
    • Proxmox container: Fix cgroup naming and use total_* memory counters for cgroups
    • proc.plugin and plugins.d: Fix memory leaks
    • SpigotMC: Fix UnicodeDecodeError and py2 compatibility fix
    • Fix non-obsolete dimension deletion
    • UI: Fix incorrect icon for the streaming master
    • Docker container names: Retry renaming when a name is not found
    • apps.plugin: Don't send zeroes for empty process groups
    • go.d.plugin: Correct sha256sum check
    • Unbound module: Documentation corrected with troubleshooting section.
    • Streaming: Prevent UI issues upon GUID duplication between master and slave netdata instances
    • Linux power supply module: Fix missing zero dimensions
    • Minor fixes around plugin_directories initialization

    Check the release log at github.

    If you are new to netdata, check a few live demos at its home page and the project home at github.

    Netdata is FOSS (Free Open Source Software), released under GPLv3+.

    Enjoy real-time performance and health monitoring!

    submitted by /u/ktsaou
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    Looking for music player with a playlist sidebar and compact or customizable GUI.

    Posted: 29 Mar 2019 11:19 AM PDT

    "...(experience with Linux is great, desire to learn is a must)."

    Posted: 28 Mar 2019 07:38 PM PDT

    Hey folks,

    I have a phone interview coming up with a tech company in the NE US that deals heavily with Linux, specifically in regards to cloud hosting. Its a customer support role, so I'm not really doing much developer wise.

    I want to nail this interview. Here's what I have going for me!

    1. Six years of customer service experience (mostly in retail, but I currently work at a call center and will have for almost six months in April as a contractor.)
    2. I'm pretty good with troubleshooting. A lot of my job is password resets, so I have experience with diagnosing browser problems and issues with Windows and Mac OS'.
    3. I'm currently studying the Google IT Support Certification. It's a relatively new cert. Not the A+ by any means, but I'm learning a ton. I've also spun up a Linux VM to play around with the interface.
    4. I know the best study music.

    All jokes aside. What skills should I focus on to impress my interviewers, get invited to an in-person interview, and hopefully get hired?

    Thank you guys in advance!

    UB

    submitted by /u/UnblinkingHyperbole
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    broke something along the way. how do i fix it now?

    Posted: 29 Mar 2019 01:25 PM PDT

    juice@juicebox:~$ sudo apt update [sudo] password for juice: Hit:1 http://security.debian.org/debian-security stretch/updates InRelease Ign:2 http://debian.csail.mit.edu/debian stretch InRelease Hit:3 http://linux.teamviewer.com/deb stable InRelease Hit:4 http://packages.microsoft.com/repos/vscode stable InRelease Hit:5 http://debian.csail.mit.edu/debian stretch-updates InRelease Ign:6 http://ppa.launchpad.net/kritalime/ppa/ubuntu disco InRelease Hit:7 http://debian.csail.mit.edu/debian stretch Release Get:9 https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/debian stretch InRelease [6,258 B] Err:9 https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/debian stretch InRelease The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 76F1A20FF987672F Err:12 http://ppa.launchpad.net/kritalime/ppa/ubuntu disco Release 404 Not Found Hit:14 https://apt.syncthing.net syncthing InRelease Hit:10 http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian stretch-backports InRelease Ign:8 https://dl.bintray.com/etcher/debian stable InRelease Get:15 https://dl.bintray.com/etcher/debian stable Release [3,674 B] Hit:15 https://dl.bintray.com/etcher/debian stable Release Hit:13 https://packagecloud.io/slacktechnologies/slack/debian jessie InRelease Reading package lists... Done W: GPG error: https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/debian stretch InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 76F1A20FF987672F E: The repository 'https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/debian stretch InRelease' is not signed. N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default. N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details. E: The repository 'http://ppa.launchpad.net/kritalime/ppa/ubuntu disco Release' does not have a Release file. N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default. N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details. 

    I added some repositories manually, I think. Can't remember exactly. Broke something and kept moving on. Its been working fine for a while like this. How can I fix it?

    submitted by /u/_if_name_is_maine_
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    Loop device appears when I Try Ubuntu without installing

    Posted: 29 Mar 2019 06:55 AM PDT

    Hello. I decided to move from Windows to Linux, mainly for security reasons. I recently Instant Flashed my Bios and decided to use Try Ubuntu without installing to format the hdds, but when I opened Disks, there was a loop device. I read about them a bit on the Internet, but I didn't see anything that said the Try Ubuntu without installing feature required this. I then installed Ubuntu for a bit and there was no loop device. Is a loop device necessary to have an OS if using a USB? Or did I do something wrong?

    submitted by /u/breadlover69420
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    Claws Mail: reply all selected messages with a same template

    Posted: 29 Mar 2019 07:25 AM PDT

    I have to reply all messages in a folder with a same template. Example:

    Hi, your message was received and will be answered soon. On %date %from wrote: %quoted_msg 

    In order to automate this task, I've tried the following:

    1. Right click on the folder > processing
      Unfortunately, in the processing window there is no reply action.

    2. Create a default template, select some messages, click on reply > send later
      Unfortunately, this method opens a window for each message and requires to click on send later for each one. Therefore, it is impractical for a large set of messages.

    Question
    Is it possible to automate this task? How?


    Additional Notes

    Operating System
    Debian GNU/Linux

    submitted by /u/Mark_Messa
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    is .bash_profile called when log to the computer using a DE such as gnome

    Posted: 29 Mar 2019 02:18 PM PDT

    I read that bash_profile gets called every time I log in via the terminal or remotely through ssh. At home I use gnome the default DE provided with ubuntu 18.04 for almost all my tasks, is bash_profile also called even when I use a DE?

    submitted by /u/LeroyGankin
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    Hoping for help identifying & setting "hotkeys" (ie using `Alt+[1-->9]` as my keystrokes to do something pre-set, in this case adjusting xrandr display brightness :)

    Posted: 29 Mar 2019 02:01 PM PDT

    I'm just oblivious here, it was a while ago I learned and forgot how I setup my Alt+1 and Alt+3 to run the commands:

    xrandr --output HDMI1 --brightness 1.0 , and

    xrandr --output HDMI1 --brightness 0.3,

    my 2 most-commonly used settings (movies & cartoons), but now am using 2 externals and would like my Alt+1-->9 strokes to get me the 0.1--->1.0 values for screen-brightness, but I've got no idea how to even check if all of those key-combos are 'available', nor how to begin setting-up a way where, upon pressing some button-combo ('hotkeying'?), it automatically initiates a pre-set command..

    Thanks a ton for any help on this one!! Am using "Alt+" as my default here for a reason I can't remember, perhaps there's a smarter way and FWIW I don't mind if it's a 3-key combo - though 2 is better of course!- I just want to easily do 0.1--->1.0 in increments of 1 based on my keyboards' 1-0 keys (I'm unsure but, if the alt+#'s line is half-used, maybe my numeric-keypad on to the side of the alphanumeric board is different somehow and can take new Alt+'s? Unsure, guessing that "2 is 2" regardless of where on the keyboard I press it, figured it's worth asking though (no stupid questions and all ROFL! Saying that half in-jest, there's no shortage of stupid Q's I get on a daily basis!!!)

    submitted by /u/neovngr
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    Rsync fail while restoring full backup of system Manjaro Deepin

    Posted: 29 Mar 2019 05:05 AM PDT

    Hi,

    I spent lot of time to set my Linux as I desired. I love it. It is Manjaro with Deepin environment. I wanted to be sure in case something get wrong I would be able to restore to this lovely point where my system is set up and doesn't contain too much trashes.

    For this, I found nice way at https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/rsync#Full_system_backup

    I executed rsync command:

    rsync -aAXv --exclude={"/dev/*","/proc/*","/sys/*","/tmp/*","/run/*","/mnt/*","/media/*","/lost+found"} / /path/to/backup/folder 

    and it transfered my root to my backup storage.

    Last time I made a backup and didn't test it, then one day I needed it.. it didn't ended well :) As I was scary to destroy something at my precious already set machine I decided to set up another machine to test it. So I transfered this backup by default command of rsync into a pendrive. It took a lot of time, nonetheless that I have SSD, but perhaps pendrive was one to slow it down and the reason of tens of thousands of small files.

    And I have installed probably same version of Manjaro on this second machine. After that I entered PartedMagic, as I thought it could be problematic to change root files while system is on. At PartedMagic I did opossite rsync as above (I mean same paremeters, also --exclude that I guess wasn't so necessary, just first path was pointing catalogue at my pendrive containing my backup and the second path was root for this second clear Manjaro. It took very fast and after reboot I got error while loading.

    error: no such cryptodisk found. error: no such device ********** error: disk cryptouuid/********** not found error: you need to load the kernel first Press any key to continue... 

    ********** means some tens of characters representing some uids.

    Note that I had encrypted all partitions including swap at my lovely machine with LUKS during installation. And also I have encrypted with different password this new machine to test. Also the original machine have /home at root partition and the new have the other one (this is because Gparted or Manjaro wrongly identified free partition as /home and it made me wrong interpretation).

    What I did wrong?How can I achieve my goal? Should I try different way to backup my lovely set environment?

    I need to preserve it and make it safe and reproducable easily. And I think this should also accept situation I can reproduce it on different machine as you know this computer or disk or LUKS encryption can get damage anytime.

    submitted by /u/GuessMeQuickly
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    How to make this white bar black. I want to make it black.

    Posted: 28 Mar 2019 11:38 PM PDT

    How do I give specific folder permission to specific users?

    Posted: 29 Mar 2019 08:22 AM PDT

    Say I have 4 different users and 4 folders. I want each user to have write permissions for just one of those folders, how would I go about this?

    I know if I do chmod u+w folderA then it gives all users permission to those folders but what if I just want to give like 2 of the 4 users permission to that folder or only give one specific user permission to that folder?

    submitted by /u/ThereIsNoRoseability
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    New Virtual Box / Ubuntu 18 install stuck on 4gb's on a 200gb partition

    Posted: 29 Mar 2019 12:06 PM PDT

    The installation is a 200gb partition, Windows 10, VirtualBox 6 and Ubuntu 18.04

    It's a brand new installation.

    Doing some searching led me to try GParted and make sure that the partition was in fact 200gb's. After verfying that was the case, I'm stuck.

    Ubuntu is maxing out at 4gb's but since I picked dynamic sizing when creating the VM and LVM was selected when I installed Ubuntu, it should be filling up the rest of the partition.

    Any ideas?

    Here's some screenshots

    https://imgur.com/a/CGcqI7Z

    submitted by /u/GabrielForests
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    Is there anyway you can switch the default terminal commands of Manjaro from pacman to apt?

    Posted: 29 Mar 2019 11:50 AM PDT

    I am planning on switching from Ubuntu to Manjaro, and apparently, Manjaro is using quite a different package manager than Ubuntu. Is there any way that I can switch the package manager from pacman to apt? Or at least permanently use some sort of aliases for the pacman commands.

    submitted by /u/queenJeo
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    Help needed, all speakers not working HP Bang & Olufsen

    Posted: 29 Mar 2019 11:15 AM PDT

    Two of the four speakers are not working/recognized. I have tried Manjaro (with linux kernel 5.0), Ubuntu 18.04.2 and Solus 4.0 but the issue persist.

    Laptop model: HP ENVY 13 AD105NO

    OS: Ubuntu 18.04.2

    After doing some digging seems like this is a similar issue: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=189331

    There seems to be solution for HP Spectre x360 at comment #260
    But I'm not sure what pins do I have to override with hdajackretask for my laptop as those wont work for me.

    Here is some debug info that might be useful:
    https://pastebin.com/UKnTZVmg
    https://pastebin.com/J4EBGBhX

    Could anyone with a little more knowledge of Linux help me out?

    submitted by /u/sebuz
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    Is .net standard program running at Linux decreasing privacy, security or stability?

    Posted: 29 Mar 2019 06:35 AM PDT

    As the .net standard code can be comiled into numerous platforms, including Linux - I am wondering if such an execution code can decrease high level of security, privacy or stability known to be given by Linux?

    I am also worry about any telemetry, is this possible or is there any proof that such a program made in .net standard compiled at Windows and runned at Linux can send some data to Microsoft, including stastics, pings etc?

    submitted by /u/GuessMeQuickly
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    Retrieving gpg Key timed out - What does this mean?

    Posted: 29 Mar 2019 09:27 AM PDT

    Posting this here because I have not had any luck on AskUbuntu or r/ubuntu, and I'm a noob.

    I am unable to install any packages thru the terminal. After doing sudo add-apt-repository, the terminal seems to run normally (after about 5-10 minutes however) and am asked to hit enter. After I hit enter, I receive an error saying "Error: retrieving gpg key timed out.". Does anyone know what this error means and what I need to fix?

    I see this question has been asked before on here but no answers unfortunately. Error: retrieving gpg key timed out

    Any help would be greatly appreciated. As I say in my askubuntu post, my host names match, but I'm not sure what to look for in regards to network and repo configuration.

    Thanks

    +Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

    +Processor: Intel Core i5-4590 CPU @ 3.30GHz

    +RAM: 8GB

    submitted by /u/la_gear
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    2019 Laptop Compatibility Questions

    Posted: 29 Mar 2019 09:12 AM PDT

    A little background about my needs first: I have been messing around with various Linux distros on and off for some time, and have been having more reason to make use of Linux at work over the last couple years. It's time for me to get a new personal laptop and I would like to go Linux on it, or at the very least dual boot Linux/Windows 10 with the intent of primarily using the Linux side except when I have no other option for compatibility. I'll still have a Windows desktop and another Windows laptop in the house. Due to what my work Linux usage has been, and will continue to be, I plan for now to run a Debian based distro (including potentially Ubuntu or something based off of that branch of the Debian tree). As I get more well versed I am willing to play more with other distro families, but for now I need to focus on my Debian tree knowledge. I am a conceptual supporter of open source solutions, but as a practical matter I'm not married to them. For example, it seems like people have much better luck with getting Nvidia cards working correctly by using Nvidia's own, non-open source, drivers, and I'm okay with that for my purposes. As far as expected hardware specs, I would like to be able to do some light 1080p gaming on the laptop (largely older or not too system intensive games), but don't need or want it to be a high end gaming rig, I don't have the budget for something that beefy for this project. Budget is probably going to be $500-$700 US, with a hard cap of keeping it under $1000. I'm looking at something in the 15-17" class range and definitely don't want a touch screen. I'm also not opposed to refurbished hardware as long as it is from a reputable source.

    That said, what are the main dos and don'ts for compatibility within those parameters? Should I still avoid Nvidia cards even when using their drivers? Are there particular wireless network adaptors or chipsets that I should either be seeking out or avoiding? I know with anything I'm looking at purchasing I should (and will) do research specific to that hardware, I'm just looking for some general starting points on the main things I should be seeking out or avoiding in order to have the smoothest and most functional Linux experience I can have on modern (albeit modest) hardware.

    Thank you for any help or guidance you can give!

    submitted by /u/Lard-Head
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    Offline, Plex-like Media Player?

    Posted: 29 Mar 2019 07:54 AM PDT

    Hey all,

    I'm going to be off travelling for a while without any internet connection and was wondering if any of you know of a Plex-like media player that can run offline from a Mint running laptop. When I say "Plex-like", I specifically mean with Metadata and the ability to create nice looking Playlists with a similar UI.

    submitted by /u/narbss
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    Can't boot Ubuntu after replacing the motherboard and CPU.

    Posted: 29 Mar 2019 07:48 AM PDT

    I have a home server running 18.04, a Siemens Esprimo P5720. I had an E8400 dual core CPU in a D2581 motherboard. Now, I upgraded it to a Quad-Core Q9400 and a D2584. The BIOS shows me the correct infos. When I try to boot, it shows me the purple blank screen and jumps in the GNU GRUB menu where I can select to boot Ubuntu, Advanced options or memtest. When I select Ubuntu, it shows the same screen and jumps back again after 2-3 mins.

    I don't really want to reconfigure everything as I didn't make backup config files of different services.

    Is there any way to boot Ubuntu without reinstalling?

    Edit1: When I try to boot with one of the advanced options. It says: Kernel panic, not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unkown block(0,0)

    submitted by /u/scania471
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    Probably corrupted Archlinux - System reduced to only black screen plus pointer

    Posted: 29 Mar 2019 06:53 AM PDT

    Hello community, I'd like to have your opinion on something if you please.

    After trying to install Steam in my system my pc has something corrupted and after completing the boot (with some fail messages that I'm going to write here) it enters a black screen where only the mouse pointer is present. It seems like it exits from the boot but the system is reduced to a black screen + pointer.

    The failings described on the entry screen are:

    • Failed to start Load Kernel Modules.

    I would like to suggest to not pay too much attention to this one because it was always present, even when I used the system;

    • uvcvideo: Failed to query (GET_INFO) UVC control 11 on unit 1: -32 (exp. 1)
    • uvcvideo: Failed to query (GET_INFO) UVC control 13 on unit 1: -32 (exp. 1)

    But I think these are some minor things about video devices right?

    • Failed to listen on Load/Save RF Kill Switch Status /dev/rfkill Watch.

    And this one never happened so it's suspicious to me.

    What I've tried is to run from my USB a Ubuntu system, installing TimeShift and "going back" to my last (and only) backup when the system was ok. After all the files were re-written in Archlinux, I think the only upgrade was that the system was permitted to go from a boot-loop stage on a properly finished boot, but still a not usable system.

    The only option that I know is to save my personal files to the Windows partition and then installing a new distro on the Linux partition, but I'd really like this to be the last option, since I had a lot of settings properly set by a "expert" on the Archlinux side.

    None of the boot options works (nor fallback, nor the standard Archlinux nor the one I actually used - the IvyBridge processor dedicated one). All the files are accessible from windows but in read-only mode tho.

    It happened something like that in the past, where uninstalling a program broke the system because of uninstalling also its components, but I could repair the error because I was still able to run the pacman installing utility and download the missing parts before the system shutted down.

    But now I don't have any ideas. Anyone of you encountered something like that?

    [Archlinux]: linux-ck-IvyBridge on Lenovo IdeaPad Z580

    Thank you for the attention

    submitted by /u/ExecuteClock
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    Can't boot from live image

    Posted: 29 Mar 2019 02:34 AM PDT

    Windows 10 VM does not detect USB drives

    Posted: 28 Mar 2019 08:05 PM PDT

    Hello there!

    A friend of mine is trying to run a Virtualmachine(using VirtualBox) and he did get it running, but he cannot access USB drives he connects, he goes to the filter lists but it does not appear! He is using Manjaro

    submitted by /u/danielsuarez369
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    Blur effect on XFCE.

    Posted: 29 Mar 2019 05:14 AM PDT

    Hello again!

    I'm using XFCE and I really like it, but I saw this and it looks AWESOME!! How can I archive that?
    I saw that it's using compiz, but idk how to install it :(

    I'm using Linux Mint 19.1 XFCE.

    submitted by /u/thomasginn
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